I saw that on my phone just now when I woke up. I was going to come out to my desktop and fix it for you but you beat me to it.
Thanks for that, hhherbalhippie wrote: ↑Fri Nov 05, 2021 8:58 amI saw that on my phone just now when I woke up. I was going to come out to my desktop and fix it for you but you beat me to it.
I was hoping I'd get the 5G from mix n match but my son told me last night for 5G you have to get a shot of Pfizer, Moderna AND J&J.
So I guess I'll have to settle for being magnetic.
Hippie where exactly are these subs? I am very interested in reading the commentaryherbalhippie wrote: ↑Tue Oct 12, 2021 11:15 pm r/HermanCainAward
holy hell....
I've been reading at the nursing and medical subs. There's a lot of discussion about the difference in patients from
last winter's outbreak and the delta varant outbreak. Lots of nurses talking about how so many patients in this
outbreak are just plain nasty and mean. One nurse said today that normally she'd have 1 or 2 patients out of
10 that are not pleasant, now it's like 1 patient out of 10 that are pleasant and co-operative. Nurses and doctors
sound tired and fed up and pissed off.
Here is r/medicine.KalieGirl wrote: ↑Tue Nov 16, 2021 10:44 amHippie where exactly are these subs? I am very interested in reading the commentaryherbalhippie wrote: ↑Tue Oct 12, 2021 11:15 pm r/HermanCainAward
holy hell....
I've been reading at the nursing and medical subs. There's a lot of discussion about the difference in patients from
last winter's outbreak and the delta varant outbreak. Lots of nurses talking about how so many patients in this
outbreak are just plain nasty and mean. One nurse said today that normally she'd have 1 or 2 patients out of
10 that are not pleasant, now it's like 1 patient out of 10 that are pleasant and co-operative. Nurses and doctors
sound tired and fed up and pissed off.
When I am searching for something I go to 'Home' and then type whatever in the search bar. It will give you some subs on top and then separate threads underneath that. There are LOTS of Covid subs.
Better known to this forum as black seed oil, but this is the raw seeds the oil is extracted from.SeventhHeaven wrote: ↑Thu Nov 18, 2021 11:28 am Something I learned a few weeks ago - there are studies in Pakistan showing a combination of raw honey and ground Nigella Sativa (black cumin) seeds being VERY effective at treating COVID-19. In that part of the world they eat a lot of those seeds, and there's a saying - "Nigella Sativa seeds cure everything but death".
Do a search on YouTube for "raw honey nigella sativa dr been" - you'll see a chart in the search results, that's it.
I told someone who was pretty sick with covid on another forum about this - her oxygen sat in the mid-to-high 80s - and a couple of days later she was healthy. Pretty amazing. Shocked both of us!
The video talks about how much to use per body weight.
Me and two of my four kids. Another one will this weekend with her boyfriend. Other one I'm
Oh no! Yeah, fill her head with anti-nutso information. She only had the one shot of two? She might have to start over.IndelibleDotInk wrote: ↑Fri Nov 19, 2021 10:17 am I had moderna. Got to convicne my mom to get her second shot, my aunty is filling her head with nutso misinformation.
! 
I am sorry to hear that, Mike. This must be stressful for you.IndelibleDotInk wrote: ↑Sat Nov 20, 2021 4:33 am It's too late for mom, she has settled on not taking any further vaccine therapy.
Regarding mothers-- my mom was acting foolish and started spouting some of that Fox patented bullshit. Me and my gal shut it down. We said, we are trying to get pregnant (I am the only chance/gay brother). If we do make a kid and something dire happens, you won't be able to vaccinate quick enough for any necessary hospital visits. It worked.
We would hope. Unfortunately, the ones who are getting vaccinated are also the ones who tend to care about such things as climate change and more. So I don't know how much fixing would be done. As you say, just a drop in population should help.INSENSE3 wrote: ↑Sat Nov 20, 2021 4:32 pm
If millions of us drop dead as predicted, from having been lured into vaccines, the remaining people without vaccines will have an unbelievable opportunity to FIX THE PLANET now that half of the population is gone. That should be helpful. Climate change might respond favorably to the sudden population adjustment. I hope this opportunity does not get wasted.
Hey Laurie, we need more giggles in this world! It's been so serious and full of hate, but there are still moments of joy if we look for them.
Here's a story from a thread today. THIS is the kind of people the nurses are deal withKalieGirl wrote: ↑Tue Nov 16, 2021 10:44 amHippie where exactly are these subs? I am very interested in reading the commentaryherbalhippie wrote: ↑Tue Oct 12, 2021 11:15 pm r/HermanCainAward
holy hell....
I've been reading at the nursing and medical subs. There's a lot of discussion about the difference in patients from
last winter's outbreak and the delta varant outbreak. Lots of nurses talking about how so many patients in this
outbreak are just plain nasty and mean. One nurse said today that normally she'd have 1 or 2 patients out of
10 that are not pleasant, now it's like 1 patient out of 10 that are pleasant and co-operative. Nurses and doctors
sound tired and fed up and pissed off.
I have heard that traveling nurses are making like 2-4x the normal wage right now because hospitals are so strapped for nurses.MetalMamaRocks wrote: ↑Mon Nov 22, 2021 7:30 am Hippie, that's terrible! No wonder nurses are quitting in droves.
I generally don't trust YouTube videos for medical information. You have no idea if what they're saying is true. I pay attention to studies.SeventhHeaven wrote: ↑Thu Nov 18, 2021 11:28 am Something I learned a few weeks ago - there are studies in Pakistan showing a combination of raw honey and ground Nigella Sativa (black cumin) seeds being VERY effective at treating COVID-19. In that part of the world they eat a lot of those seeds, and there's a saying - "Nigella Sativa seeds cure everything but death".
Do a search on YouTube for "raw honey nigella sativa dr been" - you'll see a chart in the search results, that's it.
I told someone who was pretty sick with covid on another forum about this - her oxygen sat in the mid-to-high 80s - and a couple of days later she was healthy. Pretty amazing. Shocked both of us!
The video talks about how much to use per body weight.
Prophylactic Role of Ivermectin in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Among Healthcare WorkersResults: Ivermectin prophylaxis was taken by 76 controls and 41 cases. Two-dose ivermectin prophylaxis (AOR 0.27, 95% CI, 0.15-0.51) was associated with a 73% reduction of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers for the following month. Those involved in physical activity (AOR 3.06 95% CI, 1.18-7.93) for more than an hour/day were more likely to contract SARS-CoV-2 infection. Type of household, COVID duty, single-dose ivermectin prophylaxis, vitamin-C prophylaxis and hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis were not associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Conclusion: Two-dose ivermectin prophylaxis at a dose of 300 μg/kg with a gap of 72 hours was associated with a 73% reduction of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers for the following month. Chemoprophylaxis has relevance in the containment of pandemic.
https://www.who.int/india/news/feature- ... p-covid-19Participants who took ivermectin prophylaxis had a lower risk of getting symptoms suggestive of SARS-CoV-2 infection (6% vs 15%). HCWs who had taken two doses of oral ivermectin had a significantly lower risk of contracting COVID-19 infection during the following month (ARR 0.17; 95% CI, 0.12-0.23). Females had a lower risk of contracting COVID-19 than males (ARR 0.70; 95% CI, 0.52-0.93). The absolute risk reduction of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 9.7%. Only 1.8% of the participants reported adverse events, which were mild and self-limiting. Conclusion Two doses of oral ivermectin (300 μg/kg/dose given 72 hours apart) as chemoprophylaxis among HCWs reduced the risk of COVID-19 infection by 83% in the following month. Safe, effective, and low-cost chemoprophylaxis has relevance in the containment of pandemic alongside vaccine.
On August 6, 2021, India’s Ivermectin media blackout ended with MSN reporting. Western media, including MSN, finally acknowledged what was contained in those Uttar Pradesh medicine kits. Among the medicines were Doxycycline and Ivermectin.
https://trialsitenews.com/msn-showcases ... cine-kits/
On August 25, 2021, the Indian media noticed the discrepancy between Uttar Pradesh's massive success and other states, like Kerala's, comparative failure. Although Uttar Pradesh was only 5% vaccinated to Kerala's 20%, Uttar Pradesh had (only) 22 new COVID cases, while Kerala was overwhelmed with 31,445 in one day. So it became apparent that whatever was contained in those treatment kits must have been pretty effective.
News18 reported, "Let’s look at the contrasting picture. Kerala, with its 3.5 crore population - or 35 million, on August 25 reported 31,445 new cases, a bulk of the total cases reported in the country. Uttar Pradesh, the biggest state with a population of nearly 24 crore - or 240 million - meanwhile reported just 22 cases in the same period.
Two days ago, just seven fresh positive cases were reported from Uttar Pradesh. Kerala reported 215 deaths on August 25, while Uttar Pradesh only reported two deaths. In fact, no deaths have been reported from Uttar Pradesh in recent days. There are only 345 active cases in Uttar Pradesh now while Kerala’s figure is at 1.7 lakh - or 170,000."
https://www.news18.com/news/india/tale- ... 27714.html
Objective: To evaluate the impact of ivermectin interventions for onchocerciasis on the morbidity,
mortality, recovery, and fatality rates caused by COVID-19.
Method: A retrospective statistical analysis study of the impact of ivermectin against COVID-19
between the 31 onchocerciasis-endemic countries using the community-directed treatment with
ivermectin (CDTI) and the non-endemic 22 countries in Africa. The morbidity, mortality, recovery
rate, and fatality rate caused by COVID-19 were calculated from the WHO situation report in Africa.
We investigated the onchocerciasis endemic 31 countries and the non-endemic 22 countries.
Statistical comparisons used by the Welch test of them in the two groups were made.
Results: The morbidity and mortality were statistically significantly less in the 31 countries using
CDTI. The recovery and fatality rates were not statistically significant difference. The average life
expectancy was statistically significantly higher in the non-endemic countries.
Conclusions: The morbidity and mortality in the onchocerciasis endemic countries are lesser than
those in the non-endemic ones. The community-directed onchocerciasis treatment with ivermectin is
the most reasonable explanation for the decrease in morbidity and fatality rate in Africa. In areas
where ivermectin is distributed to and used by the entire population, it leads to a significant
reduction in mortality.
Ivermectin for Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Trial Sequential Analysis to Inform Clinical Guidelines
Background:
Repurposed medicines may have a role against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The antiparasitic ivermectin, with antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties, has now been tested in numerous clinical trials.
Areas of uncertainty:
We assessed the efficacy of ivermectin treatment in reducing mortality, in secondary outcomes, and in chemoprophylaxis, among people with, or at high risk of, COVID-19 infection.
Data sources:
We searched bibliographic databases up to April 25, 2021. Two review authors sifted for studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Meta-analyses were conducted and certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach and additionally in trial sequential analyses for mortality. Twenty-four randomized controlled trials involving 3406 participants met review inclusion.
Therapeutic Advances:
Meta-analysis of 15 trials found that ivermectin reduced risk of death compared with no ivermectin (average risk ratio 0.38, 95% confidence interval 0.19–0.73; n = 2438; I2 = 49%; moderate-certainty evidence). This result was confirmed in a trial sequential analysis using the same DerSimonian–Laird method that underpinned the unadjusted analysis. This was also robust against a trial sequential analysis using the Biggerstaff–Tweedie method. Low-certainty evidence found that ivermectin prophylaxis reduced COVID-19 infection by an average 86% (95% confidence interval 79%–91%). Secondary outcomes provided less certain evidence. Low-certainty evidence suggested that there may be no benefit with ivermectin for “need for mechanical ventilation,” whereas effect estimates for “improvement” and “deterioration” clearly favored ivermectin use. Severe adverse events were rare among treatment trials and evidence of no difference was assessed as low certainty. Evidence on other secondary outcomes was very low certainty.
Conclusions:
Moderate-certainty evidence finds that large reductions in COVID-19 deaths are possible using ivermectin. Using ivermectin early in the clinical course may reduce numbers progressing to severe disease. The apparent safety and low cost suggest that ivermectin is likely to have a significant impact on the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic globally.
Ivermectin, ‘Wonder drug’ from Japan: the human use perspective
Abstract
Discovered in the late-1970s, the pioneering drug ivermectin, a dihydro derivative of avermectin—originating solely from a single microorganism isolated at the Kitasato Intitute, Tokyo, Japan from Japanese soil—has had an immeasurably beneficial impact in improving the lives and welfare of billions of people throughout the world. Originally introduced as a veterinary drug, it kills a wide range of internal and external parasites in commercial livestock and companion animals. It was quickly discovered to be ideal in combating two of the world’s most devastating and disfiguring diseases which have plagued the world’s poor throughout the tropics for centuries. It is now being used free-of-charge as the sole tool in campaigns to eliminate both diseases globally. It has also been used to successfully overcome several other human diseases and new uses for it are continually being found. This paper looks in depth at the events surrounding ivermectin’s passage from being a huge success in Animal Health into its widespread use in humans, a development which has led many to describe it as a “wonder” drug.
Keywords: avermectin, ivermectin, mode of action, onchocerciasis, lymphatic filariasis, drug resistance
Go to:
Introduction
There are few drugs that can seriously lay claim to the title of ‘Wonder drug’, penicillin and aspirin being two that have perhaps had greatest beneficial impact on the health and wellbeing of Mankind. But ivermectin can also be considered alongside those worthy contenders, based on its versatility, safety and the beneficial impact that it has had, and continues to have, worldwide—especially on hundreds of millions of the world’s poorest people. Several extensive reports, including reviews authored by us, have been published detailing the events behind the discovery, development and commercialization of the avermectins and ivermectin (22,23-dihydroavermectin B), as well as the donation of ivermectin and its use in combating Onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis.1–6) However, none have concentrated in detail on the interacting sequence of events involved in the passage of the drug into human use.
When it first appeared in the late-1970s, ivermectin, a derivative of avermectin (Fig. (Fig.1 )1 ) was a truly revolutionary drug, unprecedented in many ways. It was the world’s first endectocide, forerunner of a completely new class of antiparasitic agents, potently active against a wide range of internal and external nematodes and arthropods. In the early-1970s, a novel international Public Sector–Private Sector partnership was initiated by one of us (Ōmura, then head of the Antibiotics Research Group at Tokyo’s Kitasato Institute), forming a collaboration with the US-based Merck, Sharp and Dohme (MSD) pharmaceutical company. Under the terms of the research agreement, researchers at the Kitasato Institute isolated organisms from soil samples and carried out preliminary in vitro evaluation of their bioactivity. Promising bioactive samples were then sent to the MSD laboratories for further in vivo testing where a potent and promising novel bioactivity was found, subsequently identified as being caused by a new compound, which was named ‘avermectin’.7) Despite decades of searching around the world, the Japanese microorganism remains the only source of avermectin ever found.1) Originating from a single Japanese soil sample and the outcome of the innovative, international collaborative research partnership to find new antiparasitics, the extremely safe and more effective avermectin derivative, ivermectin, was initially introduced as a commercial product for Animal Health in 1981. It is effective against a wide range of parasites, including gastrointestinal roundworms, lungworms, mites, lice and hornflies.7–12) Ivermectin is also highly effective against ticks, for example, the ixodid tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, one of the most important cattle parasites in the tropics and subtropics, which causes enormous economic damage. Indicative of the impact, in Brazil, where some 80% of the bovine herd is infested, losses total about $2 billion annually.13) Today, ivermectin is being used to treat billions of livestock and pets around the world, helping to boost production of food and leather products, as well as keep billions of companion animals, particularly dogs and horses, healthy. The ‘Blockbuster’ drug in the Animal Health sector, meaning that it achieved annual sales in excess of over US$1 billion, maintained that status for over 20 years. It is so useful and adaptable that it is also being used off-label, sometimes, illegally, for example to treat fish lice in the aquaculture industry, where it can have a negative impact on non-target organisms. It also has extensive uses in agriculture.2)
Ivermectin proved to be even more of a ‘Wonder drug’ in human health, improving the nutrition, general health and wellbeing of billions of people worldwide ever since it was first used to treat Onchocerciasis in humans in 1988. It proved ideal in many ways, being highly effective and broad-spectrum, safe, well tolerated and could be easily administered (a single, annual oral dose). It is used to treat a variety of internal nematode infections, including Onchocerciasis, Strongyloidiasis, Ascariasis, cutaneous larva migrans, filariases, Gnathostomiasis and Trichuriasis, as well as for oral treatment of ectoparasitic infections, such as Pediculosis (lice infestation) and scabies (mite infestation).14) Ivermectin is the essential mainstay of two global disease elimination campaigns that should soon rid the world of two of its most disfiguring and devastating diseases, Onchocerciasis and Lymphatic filariasis, which blight the lives of billions of the poor and disadvantaged throughout the tropics. It is likely that, throughout the next decade, well over 200 million people will be taking the drug annually or semi-annually, via innovative globally-coordinated Mass Drug Administration (MDA) programmes. Indeed, the discovery, development and deployment of ivermectin, produced by an unprecedented partnership between the Private Sector pharmaceutical multinational Merck & Co. Inc., and the Public Sector Kitasato Institute in Tokyo, aided by an extraordinary coalition of multidisciplinary international partners and disease-affected communities, has been recognized by many experts and observers as one of the greatest medical accomplishments of the 20th century.15) In referring to the international efforts to tackle Onchocerciasis in which ivermectin is now the sole control tool, the UNESCO World Science Report concluded, “the progress that has been made in combating the disease represents one of the most triumphant public health campaigns ever waged in the developing world”.16)
I decided I should issue a mild response to this. Nigella Sativa has nothing to do with CBD. Nigella Sativa is not a strain of cannabisStringThing wrote: ↑Mon Nov 22, 2021 9:51 am>snip<SeventhHeaven wrote: ↑Thu Nov 18, 2021 11:28 am Something I learned a few weeks ago - there are studies in Pakistan showing a combination of raw honey and ground Nigella Sativa (black cumin) seeds being VERY effective at treating COVID-19 >snip<
But if I get COVID, I'm not going to be taking fucking CBD lol. I'm going to take what the medical community recommends.
>snip<
It's black cumin, and the seeds, as I said, are used for medical purposes (and as a food spice) in many places in the world. Both it and raw honey are well known to have anti-viral properties, which is why the two (2) studies I read from Pakistan showed remarkable results for treating COVID-19, actually better than either Ivermectin or Hydroxychloroquine in the later stages of Teh Covids™. 
KEY FINDINGS
• The studies evaluating ivermectin treatment are not high enough quality to
properly decide if ivermectin is useful or not. Most studies did not clearly describe the effect of the other medications given to patients or what other factors might influence their findings (“confounding”), did not have an adequate comparator group to assess if there was a difference in patients given ivermectin, or were too small to be sure that any effect of ivermectin seen was real.
• With respect to ivermectin's ability to prevent infection with COVID-19, four low quality studies showed that ivermectin may reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection; however, there were several confounding factors and we don’t know what else the study participants were doing that might have influenced their risk of infection. More studies are needed to show if ivermectin can be used to prevent infection.
• With respect to ivermectin's ability to treat people with COVID-19, seven studies that had a control group (ie. a group of participants that did not receive ivermectin) reported the effect of ivermectin on death from COVID-19. Four showed that deaths from COVID-19 went down, while three showed that deaths from COVID-19 were not affected. All seven studies were small and were of low or very low quality, so we can’t be sure that their findings were real. More studies are needed to show if ivermectin can be used to treat COVID-19.
Strength of Evidence
Overall, the evidence for this topic is of very low to low quality. As with other clinical topics on COVID-19, the research on ivermectin is opportunistic and hastily done, with limited planning to minimize sources of bias. The body of evidence is at high risk of bias due to confounding, as many studies investigated ivermectin as add-on therapy to a cocktail of medications intended to manage symptoms and limit viral replication. Small sample sizes, performance bias, short follow-up time, inappropriate study designs, further limit the usefulness of the available evidence on ivermectin. Further, the evidence is not consistent for any outcome of COVID-19 treatment (such as PCR positivity, symptom resolution, days in hospital, or mortality).
The majority of studies are from Southeast Asia and Latin America, both regions with notably different healthcare systems, population health statistics and epidemic dynamics.
Really?! One month worth of data? People are freaking out over “how quickly the vaccines were put out”, but are willing to take one month worth of data of a drug being used in an off-label way, in an uncontrolled “study”, as gospel proof?Role of ivermectin in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in India: A matched case-control study
Priyamadhaba Behera 1 , Binod Kumar Patro 1 , Arvind Kumar Singh 1 , Pradnya Dilip Chandanshive 1 , Ravikumar S R 1 , Somen Kumar Pradhan 1 , Siva Santosh Kumar Pentapati 1 , Gitanjali Batmanabane 2 , Prasanta Raghab Mohapatra 3 , Biswa Mohan Padhy 4 , Shakti Kumar Bal 3 , Sudipta Ranjan Singh 5 , Rashmi Ranjan Mohanty 6
Affiliations expand
PMID: 33592050 PMCID: PMC7886121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247163
Free PMC article
Full text links Cite
Abstract
Background: Ivermectin is one among several potential drugs explored for its therapeutic and preventive role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study was aimed to explore the association between ivermectin prophylaxis and the development of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers.
Methods: A hospital-based matched case-control study was conducted among healthcare workers of AIIMS Bhubaneswar, India, from September to October 2020. Profession, gender, age and date of diagnosis were matched for 186 case-control pairs. Cases and controls were healthcare workers who tested positive and negative, respectively, for COVID-19 by RT-PCR. Exposure was defined as the intake of ivermectin and/or hydroxychloroquine and/or vitamin-C and/or other prophylaxis for COVID-19. Data collection and entry was done in Epicollect5, and analysis was performed using STATA version 13. Conditional logistic regression models were used to describe the associated factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
BACKGROUND
• Ivermectin is used to treat parasitic infections (such as intestinal worms or lice) in
both humans and animals. Ivermectin is generally safe when used according to the label, but can cause mild side effects like nausea, diarrhea, fatigue, dizziness, and rash.
• Laboratory studies performed in monkey cells showed that ivermectin is able to stop the virus that causes COVID-19 from growing in cells. This raised interest in ivermectin as a potential treatment for COVID-19, even though many medicines that are effective in the laboratory are not effective when they are used in people.
• There is a lot of hype about ivermectin in social media, but it is still unclear if ivermectin actually prevents COVID-19 infection or is an effective treatment for COVID-19 because of the way studies have been done so far.
Key Messages from the Evidence Summary
• Ivermectin has been shown to inhibit viral replication in vitro, but at concentrations that may be unattainable with human therapeutic doses. Vero cells (a non-human cell line) infected with SARS-CoV-2 and treated with 5 μmol/L ivermectin at 2 hours post-infection showed a 5000X reduction in viral replication compared to untreated controls. However, the 100% inhibitory concentrations of ivermectin needed in vitro are approximately 50-55X higher than the maximum plasma concentration of ivermectin after an oral dose of 12 mg in adults.
• Studies evaluating ivermectin treatment are of inadequate quality for definitive assessment of ivermectin use in prophylaxis and therapy, with many studies involving incompletely described use of multiple other medications meant to manage symptoms and limit viral replication, inappropriate study design, inadequate controls, short follow-up length, performance bias, small sample sizes and high risk of bias from confounding factors.
——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————The SAG and the Therapeutics Working Group will continue to monitor and assess new evidence on ivermectin as it is published. Several high quality randomized controlled trials are being conducted to further study the use of ivermectin for COVID-19; this review and recommendations will be updated as new evidence comes to light.
UP, which is India's most populous state has the highest number of vaccinations in the country at 47.5 million
Kerala has had the lowest exposure to Sars-Cov-2, according to true infection estimates based on serological studies, new data by the Union government showed on Wednesday, with only 44% of the population projected to have been infected till early July compared to nearly 67% across the country as a whole.
According to experts, current infection trends and the new data by the Union health ministry offer two important insights: Kerala may have the least amount of under-reporting, and it has the most number of vulnerable people at present.
He added that this also means the second wave will “run longer for Kerala and Maharashtra because of less steep rise”.
To be sure, the fourth round of the sero study also included those who received vaccines. While the data released on Wednesday did not give a split between those with natural exposure and those with vaccine-mediated antibodies, the information released last week suggests the latter category accounts for a very small proportion: Of the 67.6% who had antibodies overall, 62% were not vaccinated, officials said at the time.
The overall sero survey results were released last week by the Union government and suggested two out of every three Indians may have been exposed to the virus. If extrapolated, this would mean roughly 900 million people have been infected by the virus; India’s official Covid-19 count on July 10 (when the survey ended) was 30 million.
Commentary on Ivermectin Use in Uttar Pradesh, India
Multiple social media sources have also reported that ivermectin might have been responsible for reducing COVID-19 cases in Uttar Pradesh, India, with claims that the low rate of new cases in spite of low vaccination rates in this region is related to distribution of ivermectin-containing medication kits. There are several potential issues with these lines of reasoning, including:
• Both observational trial data and “real world” data sources need careful evaluation using these key principles of review: expert peer review of evidence, assessment of errors in reporting, assessment of due scientific diligence, and careful consideration of confounders. These principles have not been applied to this data.
• This observational data is much lower quality evidence compared with randomized trials (which also can vary in quality and require assessment). There is variability in assessment of infection rates and outcome reporting at a population level, as well as confounding.
• Multiple sources suggest the infection rate and death toll of COVID-19 in India in general, and Uttar Pradesh in particular, has been underestimated and current transmission is likely lower because of post infection immunity in survivors given prior waves of the pandemic
o India’s death toll (and associated case counts) is estimated to be at least 7-13X higher than reported, suggesting actual population infection rates have been 60- 70%, confirmed by seroprevalence data. Multiple resources indicate that cremations outstripped official death estimates considerably in this area.
o A preprint analysis of excess mortality for India related to COVID-19 (which found up to 2% of the population died up to June, 2021) had to omit data from Uttar Pradesh because of significant reporting irregularities (including districts that reported NO deaths for months)
o Public health seroprevalence data reported by the Center for Global Development suggested extreme underreporting of cases and deaths in Uttar Pradesh, and Indian Council of Medical Research data (reported by press release) showed 71% seroprevalence in Uttar Pradesh in spite of only 29% initial dose vaccinated in July.
It is also noted that many districts in India used ivermectin over a period in which the evidence was less clear, based on national guidelines, so regions cannot be compared based on use or non-use. Ivermection and hydroxychloroquine have recently been removed from the national COVID-19 guidelines in India for lack of efficacy.
In summary, this would suggest Uttar Pradesh had a devastating prior COVID-19 surge with high case rates and significant uncounted mortality, with current evidence of partial population immunity in people who survived COVID-19 infection and increasing numbers of vaccinated people.
