Texas Family Harvest (Gumbyke1)

[Handofdog]

Hi how can i message you gumbyke1

[Lokey]

The secondary metabolites part is super interesting. I was reading a bit about the different chemical compounds in Kratom, do you know anything about this or suggest any literature? I wish there was more known on kratom and its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, especially the pharmacodynamics.

Edit: Also, is there any way to measure the other compounds in kratom other than mitragynine and 7OHM?

Yes, manipulating the secondary metabolites before harvest is where we are spending most of our efforts right now. We have made plenty of interesting discoveries, which have absolutely resulted in high-quality kratom and more consistent results....but I can't say much more than that

Regarding the other compounds, there are some 40 compounds and 25 alkaloids that have been found in kratom samples. There absolutely are ways to measure specific quantities of the lesser-known alkaloids. There are several labs that can test for most of the different alkaloids, but its not cheap. They require a pure sample of the alkaloids you are requesting that they measure. An accredited lab shouldn't have too much trouble obtaining them, but that cost will go directly to the customer requesting the test.

I have loooong believed that the "lesser-known" alkaloids have a much more involved role than what they get credit for, but I dont know of anybody who is doing real research on the synergistic effects.

If you are interested in research, I highly recommend setting up an account with www.academia.edu. I don't remember how much I paid for it, but I use it all of the time (you can even set keywords for it to alert you if a new research paper is published in a journal). Tons of info on there. Also Researchgate.com isnt too bad.

Below is a list of the known alkaloids in kratom with a brief description (as copied from kratom science). https://www.kratomscience.com/2014/10/0 ... sa-kratom/


Mitragynine: Indole alkaloid. Analgesic, antitussive, antidiarrheal, adrenergic, antimalarial, possible psychedelic (5-HT2A) antagonist. Mitragynine is the primary alkaloid in kratom, and is believed to be responsible for the majority of its effects. Roughly 66% of total alkaloid content found in Kratom leaf.

Paynantheine: Indole alkaloid. Appears to be a smooth muscle relaxer, but there is limited research available and more needs to be done. 8.6% to 9% of total alkaloid contents in Kratom leaf. Second most abundant alkaloid.

Speciogynine: Diastereomer of mitragynine. Possible smooth muscle relaxer. 6.6% to 7% of total alkaloid contents of kratom leaf, representing the third most abundant alkaloid.

7-hydroxymitragynine: Analgesic and potent mu-opioid agonist, antitussive, and antidiarrheal. Along with mitragynine, 7-hydroxymitragynine is responsible for the primary effects of Kratom. It represents roughly 2% of total alkaloid content found in Kratom leaf, though this is highly variable. Some leaves have undetectable levels.

Mitraphylline: Oxindole alkaloid. Vasodilator, antihypertensive, muscle relaxer, diuretic, antiamnesic, anti-leukemic, possible immunostimulant. <1% of total alkaloid contents in Kratom leaf.

Isomitraphylline: Immunostimulant, anti-leukemic. < 1% of total alkaloid content found in Kratom leaf.

Speciophylline: Indole alkaloid also found in Chinese Cat’s claw (Uncaria tomentosa). Possible anti-leukemic. <1% of total alkaloid contents of Kratom leaf.

Rhynchophylline: Vasodilator, antihypertensive, calcium channel blocker,
antiaggregant, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic (fever reducing), antiarrhythmic, and anthelmintic (treatment of parasitic worms). It is a also non-competitive NMDA antagonist, and appears to also have effects on dopamine and 5-HT receptors. Chinese Cat’s claw (Uncaria tomentosa) has also been found to contain rhynchophylline. It has a similar chemical structure to mitragynine, and represents < 1% of total alkaloid content found in kratom leaf.

Isorhynchophylline: Immunostimulant, and possible antihypertensive and neuroprotective. < 1% of total alkaloid content found in Kratom leaf.

Ajmalicine (Raubasine): Cerebrocirculant, antiaggregant, anti-adrenergic (at alpha-1), sedative, anticonvulsant, smooth muscle relaxer. It’s structurally related to alkaloids from yohimbe. Ajmalicine is an α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist with preferential actions over α2-adrenergic receptors, which is the reason for its hypotensive effects. According to ‘Alkaloids: Biochemistry, Ecology, and Medical Applications‘, ajmalicine “depletes peripheral noradrenaline stores, resulting in a decrease of peripheral resistance and blood pressure. It also causes depletion of catecholamine and serotonin stores in the brain, heart, and many other organs”. Ajmalicine is also found in Rauwolfia serpentina.

Akuammigine – an indole alkaloid associated with the seeds of Picralima nitida (akaumma). It is structurally similar to yohimbine and mitragynine. Like yohimbine, it is known to have antimalarial activity.

Ciliaphylline: antitussive, analgesic. < 1% of total alkaloid content found in Kratom leaf.

Corynantheidine (rauhimbine): μ -opioid antagonist, also found in Yohimbe. It’s related to ajmalicine, and is a diastereomer of yohimbine. Like ajmalicine, it is an α1-adrenergic and α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist with 10x greater affinity for the α1-adrenergic receptor. This is in contrast to yohimbine and its other diastereomer, rauwolscine, which have a 30x higher affinity for the α2-adrenergic receptor over the α1-adrenergic (opposite affinities). < 1% of total alkaloid content found in Kratom leaf.

Corynoxeine: Calcium channel blocker. < 1% of total alkaloid content found in Kratom leaf.

Corynoxine A and B: Dopamine mediating anti-locomotives, meaning that they act as somewhat of a sedative. They are also found in Chinese Cat’s Claw (Uncaria tomentosa). There is also some research that suggests they may help with Parkinson’s. < 1% of total alkaloid content found in Kratom leaf.

Epicatechin: A flavonoid that’s an antioxidant, antiaggregant, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antihepatitic, anti-inflammatory, anti-leukemic, antimutagenic, antiperoxidant, antiviral, potential cancer preventative, alpha-amylase inhibitor. One preliminary study even claims that it may reduce myostatin, which would result in muscle growth and improved strength. It’s also found in dark chocolate, green tea, and grapes.

9-Hydroxycorynantheidine: Partial opioid agonist. One study found that “9-Hydroxycorynantheidine inhibited electrically stimulated guinea-pig ileum contraction, but its maximum inhibition was weaker than that of mitragynine and its effect was antagonized by naloxone, suggesting that 9-hydroxycorynantheidine possesses partial agonist properties on opioid receptors”

Isomitrafoline: < 1% of total alkaloid content found in Kratom leaf.

Isopteropodine: Immunostimulant, antimicrobial.

Isospeciofoline: < 1% of total alkaloid content found in Kratom leaf.

Mitraciliatine: < 1% of total alkaloid content found in Kratom leaf.

Mitragynine oxindole B. < 1% of total alkaloid content found in Kratom leaf.

Mitrafoline: < 1% of total alkaloid content found in Kratom leaf.

Mitraversine: Found in Mitragyna parvifolia, and may also be in Mitragyna speciosa

Speciociliatine: Diastereomer (C3 stereoisomer) of mitragynine. Weak opioid agonist. May inhibit acetylcholine release from presynaptic nerve through means other than opioid receptor stimulation. 0.8% to 1% of total alkaloid content of kratom leaf. Unique to Kratom.

Speciofoline: Potential analgesic and antitussive. Patented (US3324111) by Smith Kline (of Glaxo Smith Kline) in 1964. Also patented (US20100209542) by the University of Massachusetts Medical School and University of Mississippi in 2009 to treat opiate withdrawal. As of February 18, 2019, the patent is listed as abandoned.

Stipulatine: More research needed

Tetrahydroalstonine: Hypoglycemic, anti-adrenergic (at alpha-2).

Interesting thread and info on testing and alkaloids

[add to descartes]

that probably wasn't worth necro'ing a thread from 3 years ago over

[Lokey]

You have a problem with me quoting long posts and can't help making rude comments about it. I just thought Chris has posted so much useful information it was worth resurrecting for someone else who might find it interesting and otherwise may not read it. And you talk about forum "etiquette".

[uspatriot995]

You have a problem with me quoting long posts and can't help making rude comments about it. I just thought Chris has posted so much useful information it was worth resurrecting for someone else who might find it interesting and otherwise may not read it. And you talk about forum "etiquette".

Well, I appreciated it. Glad you ressurected the thread, otherwise I probably wouldn't have seen it. Good info and references.

Always gonna be somebody trying to police you. Though this forum is the most chill and cool people I have found.

[Lokey]

Thanks. 2nd time in 2 days and I'm like wtf not doing anything everyone else does. Other than that I agree.

[dragonchaser]

This is interesting to me, thanks. Lot of good info on here, but it can be tricky to dig up for us newer folks

[add to descartes]

Thanks. 2nd time in 2 days and I'm like wtf not doing anything everyone else does. Other than that I agree.

sorry, I didn't realize it was the same person I was responding too, but i had already edited my other comment. although in general it's annoying when people quote an entire post, a lot of people do it, so I shouldn't have called you out specifically.

This is interesting to me, thanks. Lot of good info on here, but it can be tricky to dig up for us newer folks

yeah I would recommend using the search feature and going back and reading more gumbyke comments, he always has some extremely useful insights.